الغزالی
ابو حامد محمد ا بن محمد التوسیعی الغزالی' (عربی: أبوحمود محمد بن محمد الثتوسین الغزالی) عام طور پٲٹھؠ غزالی ناوٕ سٟتؠ زانٔنہٕ یِوان (عربی: الغزالی) یمہٕ چھِ 11 مہ صدی ہنٛدؠ مجدِد سمجھنہٕ یوان، یُس عقیدٕکؠ تجدید کار چھ، یس نبی سٕنٛدِ مطابق چھُ، اسلامی برادری ہنٛد عقیدٕ بحال کرنہٕ خاطرٕ ہر 100 وری مَنٛز اکہِ لٹہِ ظٲہر گژھان۔[25][26][27][28][29] الغزالی سنٛز کامہِ چھےٚ تیٖژھاہ ہم عصر افرادن تیوٗت زیٛادٕ سراہنہٕ آمژٕ کہ أمس آو "اسلامُک ثبوت" (حجۃ الاسلامیہ) اعزاز سٟتؠ نوازنہٕ۔[1] الغزالی ٲسؠ شیفی مذہبی قونونہٕ مَنٛز اَکھ نمایاں مجتہد[30]
بییہٚ وُچھو
اؠڈِٹحَوالہٕ جات
اؠڈِٹ- ↑ 1٫0 1٫1 Janin، Hunt (2005). The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World. McFarland. ص. 83. ISBN 0786419547.
- ↑ 2٫0 2٫1 Griffel، Frank (2006). Meri، Josef W. (ed.). Medieval Islamic civilization: an encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415966900.
- ↑ Meri، Josef W.؛ Bacharach، Jere L. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K. Taylor & Francis. ص. 293. ISBN 978-0415966917.
- ↑ Böwering، Gerhard؛ Crone، Patricia (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ص. 191. ISBN 978-0691134840.
Ghazali (ca. 1058–1111) Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali al-Tusi (the "Proof of Islam") is the most renowned Sunni theologian of the Seljuq period (1038–1194).
- ↑ A.C. Brown، Jonathan (2009). Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (Foundations of Islam). Oneworld Publications. ص. 179. ISBN 978-1851686636.
- ↑ Leaman، Oliver (2006). The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 84. ISBN 978-0415326391.
- ↑ Smith، Margaret (1936). "The Forerunner of Al-Ghazali". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 68 (1): 65–78. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00076358. JSTOR 25182038. S2CID 163151146.
- ↑ "Imam Ghazali's Teachers: al-Ghazali's Website". www.ghazali.org.
- ↑ https://phm.znu.ac.ir/article_19567.html?lang=en
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 62.
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 81.
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 76.
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 77.
- ↑ Marenbon، John (2007). Medieval Philosophy: an historical and philosophical introduction. Routledge. ص. 174. ISBN 978-0-415-28113-3.
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 75.
- ↑ Andrew Rippin, The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an, p 410. (ISBN 1405178442)
- ↑ "The Influence of Islamic Thought on Maimonides". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. June 30, 2005.
- ↑ Heinrichs، Karin؛ Oser، Fritz (12 June 2013). Terence Lovat, Handbook of Moral Motivation: Theories, Models, Applications. Springer. ص. 257. ISBN 978-9462092754.
- ↑ "Muslim Philosophy". Islamic Contributions to Science & Math, netmuslims.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29.
- ↑ James Robert Brown, Philosophy of Science: The Key Thinkers, p. 159. (ISBN 1441142002)
- ↑ Sayf Din al-Amidi Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, September 18, 2019
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 71.
- ↑ Ayn al-`Ilm wa Zayn al-Hilm, Muqadimmah, Page 1
- ↑ Griffel 2009, p. 74.
- ↑ William Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali: The Muslim Intellectual, p۔ 180. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1963.
- ↑ Rosmizi، Mohd؛ Yucel، Salih (2016). "The Mujaddid of his age: Al-Ghazali and his inner spiritual journey". UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies ( English زَبانہِ مَنٛز). 3 (2): 1–12. doi:10.11113/umran2016.3n2.56. ISSN 2289-8204.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Smith، Jane I. (19 November 2009). Islam in America. Columbia University Press. ص. 36. ISBN 978-0231519991.
- ↑ Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
- ↑ Oxtoby، Willard Gurdon (1996). Oxford University Press. ص. 421. Missing or empty
|title=(مَدَتھ) - ↑ Al Beirawi، Abu Ismael (12 April 2016). Essays on Ijtihad in the 21st Century. CreateSpace. ص. 35. ISBN 9781539995036.